These words are cognate (related) in two or more of the six modern Celtic languages. Click on the English translations to find out more about them on the Celtiadur blog
Complete Cognates, Partial Cognates . Cognates arranged thematically: Adjectives | Animals | Birds | Clothes | Colours | Conjunctions | Countries | Directions | Food and Drink | Landscape | Buildings | Languages | Metals | Musical terms | Numbers | Parts of the body | People | Pronouns | Prepositions | Sea creatures | Time expressions | Trees and Plants | Verbs | Weather | Tools | Other words | Names
Words marked † are archaic/obsolete.
Gaeilge (Irish) | Gàidhlig (Gaelic) | Gaelg (Manx) | Cymraeg (Welsh) | Kernewek (Cornish) | Brezhoneg (Breton) | English |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
abhaill | abhall | — | afallen | avalen | avalwez | apple tree |
abair | abair | abbyr | — | — | — | to say, to speak |
ábhar | adhbar | oyr | — | — | material, matter, reason | |
— | — | — | a(c) | ha(g) | ha(g) | and, while |
achadh | achadh | — | — | — | — | field, garden, enclosure, hedge, plain |
adha | — | — | addas | — | adas† | fitting, worthy, proper |
adhal | adhal | aall | — | — | fork, trident | |
— | adhbrann | abane | — | — | — | ankle |
admhaigh | — | — | addef | — | anavout | to acknowledge, admit |
agh | agh | — | eilon, eilion | — | — | stag, deer, hart |
aghaidh | aghaidh | oai | — | — | — | face, front |
aí, a(o)i | ai | — | hwyaden | hos | houad | duck, swan |
aineach, eineach | eanach | — | wyneb | enep | eneb | face, honour, reputation |
ainmhí | ainmhidh | anifail | eneval | aneval | animal, beast | |
ainnir | ainnir | — | anner | annor | annoar | heifer, girl, maiden |
áireamh | àireamh | earroo | eirif | — | — | number, count(ing), sum |
áirí | àirigh | eairee | — | — | — | hill pasture, sheiling, milking place |
Alba | Alba | Nalbin | Yr Alban | Alban | — | Scotland |
Albain Nua | Alba Nuadh | (Yn) Albin Noa, Nalbin Noa | Alban Newydd | Alban Nowydh | — | Nova Scotia |
— | — | — | allwedd | alhwedh | alc'hwez | key |
altán | ealtainn | — | ellyn | alsen, alten | aotenn | razor, sharp knife |
am | àm | am | — | — | — | time |
amh | amh | aw | of | — | — | raw, uncooked |
amhas | amhas | — | amaeth | ammeth | ambaith† | servant, ploughman, savage |
— | — | — | ar draws | a-dreus | a-dreuz | across, traverse |
araile | — | — | arall | aral | arall | (an)other |
aran | aran | arran | — | — | — | bread |
arbeir† | — | — | arfer | — | — | use, usage, practice |
arc(án) | orc(an) | ark | — | — | — | piglet, sow |
arg† | — | — | eira | ergh | erc'h | snow |
art† | art† | — | arth | arth | arzh | bear |
— | — | — | asgwrn | askorn | askorn | bone |
áth | àth | aah | — | — | — | ford |
athair | athair | ayr | -atr† | — | — | father |
— | — | — | awel | awel | avel | wind, breeze |
bailc | bailc | — | balch | balgh | balc'h | proud, arrogant, strong |
baile | baile | balley | beili | — | — | home, town, bailey |
báisteach | baisteach | Bashtagh | — | — | — | rain, Baptist |
balla | balla | boalley | gwal, wal | gwal | — | wall |
bán | bàn | bane | bân† | — | — | white, fair |
bás | bàs | basse | — | — | — | death |
básaigh | bàsaich | geddyn basse | — | — | — | to die, dead |
basc† | basc† | — | baich | begh | bec'h | load, burden |
bascead | basgaid | basca(i)d, baskad | basgeg | basket | — | basket, pannier |
beach | beach | — | — | — | — | bee, drone |
bearach | biorach | — | bustach (?) | — | — | bullock, heifer |
béarla, Béarla | Beurla | Baarle | — | — | — | speech, English |
béas | beus | beaoil | moes | — | boaz | habit, virtue, moral(ity) |
— | — | — | bedd | bedh | bez | grave, ditch |
béile | beil | — | — | — | — | meal, diet |
beir | beir | behr | beru | — | berañ | to carry, to flow |
beithíoch | beathach | baagh | — | — | — | animal, beast |
biail | biail† | — | bwyell | bool | bouc'hal | axe, hatchet |
bile | bile | billey | pill | — | pil | tree, mast, bush, trunk |
biss† | — | — | bys | bys | biz | finger |
— | — | — | blawd | bleus | bleud | flour |
bleidmhíol† | bleidh-mhial | — | blaidd | bleydh | bleiz | wolf, sea monster |
— | — | — | blew | blew | blev | hair, bristles |
— | bòc | — | boch | bogh | boc'h | cheek, bloat |
— | — | — | boda, bwncath | bargos | baou | buzzard |
bog | bog | bog | — | — | boug | soft, tender |
bolaigh | boladh | — | — | — | — | to taste, to smell |
bonn | bonn | boyn | — | — | — | sole, base, foot |
— | bòtann, bòtais, bùtais | bootys | bot(is), bwtias | botas | botez | boot, shoe |
borr | bòrr | — | — | — | — | puffed up, swollen, proud |
bóthar | bòthar | bayr | beudr | bownder | road, alley, lane | |
brac | brac | — | braich | bregh | brec'h | arm, hand |
bradán | bradan | braddan | — | — | — | salmon |
braon | braon | brey (?) | — | — | — | drop, drizzle |
bran | bran | — | brân | bran | bran | crow, raven |
bras | bras | — | bras | bras | bras | great, big, swift |
brat | brat | brat | brat | — | brozh | cloak, mantle, skirt |
bréag | breug | breag | — | — | — | lie, falsehood |
— | — | — | brenin | bryntin, brentin | brientin | king, aristocrat |
brí | bre† | — | bre | bre | bre | hill, mount, hillock, height |
briathar | briathar | breear | brwydr | — | — | word, verb, battle |
briocht | — | — | lled(f)rith | — | brith† | charm, spell, enchantment |
bríste | briogais | breeçhyn | brits(h) | — | bragez, bragoù | trousers, breeches |
— | — | — | brith | brith | brizh | speckled, variegated |
— | — | — | brithyll | brithel | brezel | trout, mackerel |
bróg | bròg | braag | brog | — | — | shoeboot |
brollach | brollach | brollagh | — | — | — | breast, bosom |
brón | bròn | bran | brwyn | — | — | sad |
bruth | bruth | brooan | brwd | — | broud | hot, heat, rash |
— | — | — | brydio | bryjyon | broudañ | to boil, to burn |
— | — | — | buan | buan | buan | fast, lively, quick |
buí | buidhe | bwee | — | — | — | yellow |
buinne | — | — | ben | — | — | cart, wagon, wattle |
bunadh | bunadh | — | bonedd | — | — | origin, nobility, lineage |
— | — | — | byson | bysow | bizou | ring, jewel |
cadrán | — | — | cadarn | cadarn† | — | hard, strong |
— | — | — | caer | ker | kaer | fort, town |
caí† | — | — | cae | ke | kae | field, hedge |
caib | caibe | kiebbey | caib | — | — | pickaxe, spade, dibble |
— | caill† | — | caill | kell | kell | testicle |
cailleach | cailleach | caillagh | — | — | — | old woman, hag, witch |
cailleach oíche | cailleach-oidhche | caillagh oie | — | — | — | owl |
cáin | càin | — | — | — | — | fine, tax, duty |
caint | cainnt | caaynt | — | — | — | speech, to speak, talk |
caladh | cala | calloo, callee | — | — | — | harbour, landing place |
caladh | — | — | caled | kales | kalet | hard, stingy |
— | — | — | callor, callawr | kalter | kaoter | cauldron, kettle, boiler |
— | — | — | calon | kolon | kalon | heart, soul |
cana | cana | — | cenau | — | — | cub, puppy, kitten |
caoin | caoin | keain | cain | — | ken | tender, gentle, mild |
caoch | caoch | kyagh | coeg | koog | — | one-eyed, blind |
caol | caol | keyl | cul | kul | — | narrow |
caomh | caomh | — | cu | kuv | kuñv | dear, gentle, sweet |
caora | caora | keyrrey | caer† | — | — | sheep, ewe, roebuck |
cas | cas | cast | — | — | — | curly, twisted, complicated,difficulty |
casadh | casadh | cassey | — | — | — | to curl, twist, turn |
casair | casair | — | cesair | keser | kazarc'h | hail |
— | — | — | caseg | kasek | kazeg | mare |
casúr | casar | casoor | — | — | — | hammer |
cathair | cathair | caayr | — | — | — | fortress, monastery, city |
ceannaigh | ceannaich | chionnaghey | — | — | — | to buy, to purchase |
cearc | cearc | kiark | — | — | — | hen, chicken |
ceart | ceart | kiart | certh | — | — | right, just, true |
— | — | — | cefn | keyn | kein | back |
— | — | — | cegin | kegin | kegin | kitchen |
— | — | — | cegin | kegin | kegin, kegin-derv | jay, woodpecker |
ceil | ceil | keill | cêl | kel | — | to hide, to conceal |
ceo | ceò | kay, kyeoh | — | — | — | fog, mist |
— | — | — | cerdded | kerdhes | kerzhet | to walk |
cét† | — | — | gan | gans | gant | with, by |
— | — | — | chwech | hweg | c'hwek | sweet, delicate |
— | — | — | chwilio | hwilas | c'houilia | to search, to seek |
— | — | — | cinio | kinnyow | koanier | dinner, supper, to dinev |
cinnteach | cinnteach | kinjagh | — | — | — | definite, certain, constant |
ciotach | ciotach | kyttagh | chwith | — | — | left |
cis, ciséan | cis, cisean, ciosan | kishan | — | — | — | basket, creel |
cistin | cistin | kishteen | — | — | — | kitchen |
cláirseach | clàrsach | claasagh | — | — | — | harp |
clamhán | clamhan | clowan | — | — | — | buzzard |
clár | clàr | claare | clawr | — | kleur | board, table, cover |
cleacht | cleachd | claightey | — | — | — | custom, use, habit |
cló | clò | clou | clo | — | klaou | bolt, lock, nail |
cloichshneachta | clach-shneachd | claghyn sniaghtee | — | — | — | hail, hailstones |
cloth | clòth† | — | clod | clos† | klod | fame, praise, renown |
cluain | cluain | — | clun | — | — | meadow, pasture, moor |
cluas | cluas | cleaysh | clust | — | — | ear |
cnámh | cnàimh | craue | cnaw | — | — | bone, skull |
cneas | cneas | — | cnawd | kneus | kneud (?) | skin, flesh |
— | — | — | coch | coch, cough | — | red |
codail | caidil | caddil | — | — | — | to sleep |
— | — | — | coed, coeden | koos | koad | forest, wood, tree |
cogadh | cogadh | caggey | — | — | — | war, fighting |
cogar | cogar | — | cyngor | — | — | whisper, advice, counsel |
coir | coire | — | caredd | cara† | karez | mistake, sin |
cóir | còir | cair | cywair | — | — | just, rightful |
— | comhachag | — | cuan | kowann, cowan | kaouenn | owl |
colainn | colann | callin | celain | — | — | body, torso, corpse |
collach | cullachcollach | collagh muc | ceilliog | — | kalloc'h | boar, hog, stallion |
— | — | — | coludd | kolodhyon | kaouded | intestine, guts, heart |
colum† | — | — | cwlwm | kolm, kolmen | skoulmoù, skoulm | knot |
com | — | — | cwm | komm | komm | (deep) valley, coombe |
comhar | coimheart | — | cymar | kespar | — | partner(ship), companion, spouse |
comhdháil | còmhdhàil | coardail | cynhadledd | — | — | meeting, accord, conference |
— | — | — | comio | kows, kewsel | komz, kaozeal | to speak, to say, to talk |
cónaígh | còmhnaidh | cummal | — | — | — | to live, to grip |
cora | caradh | — | cored | — | kored | weir, dam |
corcra | corcar | — | porffor | purpur | pourpré | purple |
cos | cas, cos | cass | coes | koos | — | leg, foot |
cosán | casan | cassan | — | — | — | path |
cosúil | cosail | cosoylagh | cyhafal | kehaval | — | resembling, similar, alike |
céide | cèide | — | pant | pans | pant | hill(ock), hollow, slope |
craobh | craobh | crouw | — | — | — | branch, tree, bush |
crean | crean | — | prynu | prena | prenañ | to buy, to purchase, to obtain |
— | — | — | cramen | kramenn | scab, sore, crust | |
— | — | — | crëyr | — | *querhair | heron |
— | — | — | cri | kriv | kriz | raw, crude |
crodh | crodh | — | — | — | — | cattle, wealth, dowry |
cróga | crògha | — | — | — | — | cruel, brave, bold |
cró | crò | — | crau | krow | — | blood, gore |
— | — | — | cragen, crogen | krogen | krogenn | shell(s) |
cruach | cruaidh | creoighey | — | — | — | steel |
cruinniú | cruinneachadh | cruinnaght | crynhofa | — | — | gathering, assembly |
cruit | cruit | cruitçh | crwth | krowd | — | harp, crwth, fiddle |
cruth | cruth | croo | pryd | — | — | shape, form |
— | — | — | cryf | krev | kreñv | strong, forceful, solid |
cúacca† | — | — | gwag | gwag | gwak | empty, soft, delicate |
cuan | cuan | keayn | — | — | — | sea, ocean, harbour, bay |
cuarán | cuaran | carrane | cu(a)ran, cwaran | — | — | boot, sandal |
cuas | cuas | — | cau | kew | kev | hollow, cavity, cave |
— | — | — | cudd | kudh | kuzh | secret, hidden |
— | — | — | cusan | kussyn | — | kiss |
— | — | — | cwch | kok | kouc'h | boat, beehive |
— | — | — | cwmwl | kommol | koumoul | fog, mist, cloud |
— | — | — | cwsg | kosk | kousked | sleep, slumber |
— | — | — | cwyn | kon | koan | dinner, supper |
— | — | — | cyffylog | kevelek | kefeleg | woodcock |
— | — | — | cyllell | kollell | kontell | knife |
— | — | — | cynnull | kuntel | kuntuilh | collection, gathering, picking |
— | — | — | cysgu | koska | kousket | to sleep |
— | — | — | cywaith | koweth(es) | — | companion, comrade, friend |
dáil | dàil | — | dadl | dadhel | dael | meeting, assembly, argument |
damhna | damhna | — | defnydd | devnydh | danvez | matter, material, substance |
dán | dàn | daan | dawn | — | donezon | poem, gift, faculty |
dalta | dalta | doltey | — | — | — | foster child, pupil, disciple |
— | — | — | danas | — | demm | (fallow) deer |
daor | daor | deyr | — | — | — | servile, unfree, expensive |
dara | dala | derrey | — | — | — | second |
dath | dath | daah | — | — | — | colour, dye |
dea- | deagh | — | da | da | da | good, well, pleasant |
dealg | dealg | jialg | dala | delc† | — | needle, pin, sting |
déan | dèan | jean | geni | — | — | to do, to make |
dearg | dearg | jiarg | — | — | — | red |
dinnéar | dinnear | jinnair | — | — | — | dinner |
díog | dìg | jeeg | — | — | — | ditch, dike, trench |
— | — | — | diogel | diogel | diogel | safe, secure, sure |
díon | dìon | jeen | — | — | — | protection, waterproof, roof | dlí | dlighe | — | dyled | — | dlead | law, debt, duty |
dochtúir | dotair | doghtoor | — | — | — | doctor |
— | — | — | dod, dyfod | dos | donet | to come |
doineann | doineann | dorrin | — | — | — | stormy weather, storm, tempest |
doirb | doirb | durrag | — | — | — | worm, larva, beetle |
dóthain | daothain | saie | — | — | — | enough, sufficiency |
domhan | domhan | dowan | dwfn, dyfn | — | — | world, earth, universe |
dona | dona | donney | — | — | — | bad, unfortunate |
donn | donn | dhone | dwn | — | — | brown, dun |
dorcha | dorcha | dorraghey | — | — | — | dark(ness), obscure |
— | — | — | — | dowrlam | lamm-dour | waterfall |
— | — | — | draenog | — | draeneg | hedgehog |
dreach | dreach | dreagh | drych | — | derch† | look, aspect, expression, face |
droichead | drochaid | droghad | — | — | — | bridge |
droim | druim | dreeym | — | — | — | back, ridge |
druil | dril(e) | drilley | drill | — | — | drill |
drúth | drùth | — | drud | drudh | — | fool, dear, cherished |
duais | duais | — | — | — | — | gift, prize, reward |
— | — | — | dwyn | don | dougen | to lead, bear, carry |
dul | dol | goll | — | — | — | to go |
— | — | — | — | dybri | debriñ | to eat |
éadan | aodann | eddin | — | — | — | font, face, facade |
éadrom | aotrom | eddrym | — | — | — | light, frivolous |
éadromaigh | aotromaich | eddrymaghey | — | — | — | to lighten |
éag | eug | — | angau | ankow | ankow | dead, death, deceased |
eagla | eagal | aggle | — | — | — | fear, horror |
eallach | eallaidh | ollagh | — | — | — | cattle, cow |
earc | earc | — | erch | — | — | mottled, speckled |
eas | eas | assag | — | — | — | stoat, weasel |
— | — | — | eang | efan | — | wide, broad |
eas | eas | eas | — | — | — | waterfall |
éasca | èasga | eayst | — | — | — | moon |
eascann | easgann | astan | — | — | — | eel |
— | — | — | ehedydd, hedydd | evidit†, ahwesydh | ehuedez†, alc'hweder | (sky)lark |
— | — | — | eidion | ojyon | ejon | bullock, heifer |
éigh | èigh | eie | — | — | — | to cry (out), shout, call |
éiligh | eile† | — | wylo | ola | gouelañ | to cry, to weep, claim, prayer |
eire | eire | errey | arau | — | — | load, burden |
eitre | eitre | eerey | rhych | — | reg | furrow, trench |
eo | eòeog | — | eog | eghek | eog | salmon |
— | — | — | esgid | eskis | — | shoeboot |
esna | asna | asney | ais | asownn | — | rib |
— | — | — | ewig | euhic† | — | deer, hart, stag |
fabhcún | faolchon | — | ffawcwn, ffawlcwn | falghun | falc'hun | falcon, hawk |
fad | fad | foddid | — | — | — | length, distance, duration |
fada | fada | foddey | — | — | — | long, far, tall |
fadhb | fadhb | uddan | oddf | — | — | knot, lump, problem |
fáigh | fàidh | fadeyr | gwawd | — | — | seer, prophet, poem |
fáinleog, áinleog | fainnleag, ainnleag | — | gwennol | gwennol | gwennel | swallow, martin |
fáinne | fàinne | fainey | — | — | — | ring, circle, coil |
— | fàl | faayl, foll | pâl | pal | pal | scythe, spade, shovel |
fairged† | — | — | gwneud | gul | ober | to do, to make |
fann | fann | — | gwan | gwann | gwan | weak, feeble |
faol | faol | filliu | — | — | — | wolf, wild dog |
farraige | fairge | faarkey | — | — | — | sea, ocean |
fás | fàs | faase | — | — | — | empty |
fé† | — | — | gwialen | gwelen | gwial, gwalenn | rod(s), cane, pole |
feadhain | feadhain | fwirran | gwedd | — | — | band, team, yoke, harness |
féan | feun | fainagh | — | — | — | wagon, cart, chariot |
feannóg | feannag | fannag | — | — | — | crow, rook |
feic | faic | faik | — | — | — | to see, to be |
feoil | feòil | feill | — | — | — | flesh, meat |
fia | fiadh | feeaih | — | — | — | deer |
fiach | fitheach | feeagh | gwyach | — | — | raven, grebe, crake |
fial | fial | feoilt | gŵyl | — | — | modest, seemly |
fiar | fiar | — | gŵyr | gwarr | gwar | crooked, bent, curve |
file | filidh | feelee | — | — | — | seer, poet |
fine | fine | — | — | — | gouenn | family, tribe, race |
fios | fios | fys | gwŷs | — | — | knowledge, information |
fliuchadh | fliuchadh | fliaghey | — | — | — | rain, wetting |
flúr | plùr | flooyr | — | — | — | flour, flower |
focal | facal | fockle | gwaethl | — | — | word, debate |
fochraig | — | — | gwobr | gober | gopr | prize, reward, fee |
foïd† | — | — | aros | gortos | ober | to wait, stay |
folamh | falamh | follym | — | — | — | empty |
folc(tha) | — | — | golchi | golhi | gwalc'hiñ | to wash |
forc | forca | — | fforc | forgh | forc'h | fork |
forás | foras | — | ffordd | fordh | — | street, alley, highway, journey, growth |
fobhar | — | — | gofer | gover | gou(v)er | stream |
fos | fos | — | ffos | fos | foz | wall, butress, ditch |
fosadh | fosadh | — | gwastad | gwastas | gou(e)stad | stay, respite, flat, slow |
foss† | — | — | gwas | gwas | gwaz | servant, boy, husband |
frac† | — | — | gwrach | gwragh | gwrac'h | old woman, hag, witch |
fuath | fuath | feoh | — | — | — | fearful, horror, terror |
fuar | fuar | feayr | oer | oor | — | cold |
fuirigh | fuirich | fariagh | — | — | — | to stay, to abide |
fuiseog | uiseag | ushag | — | — | — | (sky)lark, bird |
gabhlán, gabhlán gaoithe | gòbhlan, gobhlan-gaoithe | gollan, gollan geayee | — | — | — | swallow, swift, martin |
gadhar | gadhar | — | — | — | — | beagle, hunting dog |
gairr† | — | — | gar | garr | gar | leg, shank, thigh |
galba | galba | — | gylfin | gelvin | golv | beak, nose |
— | — | — | gallu | gallos | gallout | to be able to |
gamhain | gamhainn | gauin | — | — | — | calf |
gan | gun | gyn | — | — | ken | without, otherwise |
gaoth | geodha | giau | — | — | — | inlet, estuary, cove |
gaoth | gaoth | geay | — | — | — | wind |
— | — | — | garan | garan | garan | crane, heron |
gealach | gealach | giallagh | — | — | — | moon |
geir | geir | geirr | gwêr | — | — | fat, tallow, grease |
giorria | geàrr, gearrach, gearra(i)dh | — | — | — | — | hare |
giúrann | giùran | — | gwyran | — | goirann† | barnacle (goose) |
— | — | — | glaw | glaw | glav | rain |
glór | glòr | glare | — | — | — | voice, speech |
gnáth | gnàth | — | gnawd | gnas | gnot† | custom, habit, quality |
gnúis | gnùis | grooish | gnis | greuv | — | face, brow, jaw |
gob | gob | gob | — | — | — | beak, bill, point |
— | — | — | gogledd | gogledh | gougleiz, gouglez | left, north |
goirt | goirt | gort | — | — | — | salted, sore, bitter |
— | — | — | golau | golow | gouloù | light, bright, fair |
gort | gort | — | garth | orth | garth | field, garden, enclosure, hedge, plain |
gráinneog | gràineag | graynoge | — | — | — | hedgehog |
grian | grian | grian | — | — | — | sun |
gruaig | gruag | gruag | — | — | — | hair |
guth | guth | goo | — | — | — | voice, word, reputation |
— | — | — | gwaed | goos | gwad | blood |
— | — | — | gwddf, gwddw, gwddwg | — | gouzoug, goûg | throat, neck |
— | — | — | gwenynen | gwenenen | gwenanenn | (honey) bee |
— | — | — | gwiber, colwiber | — | wiber, naerwiber | snake, adder, viper |
— | — | — | gwyrdd | gwyrdh, gwer | gwer | green |
— | — | — | had | has | had | seed |
— | — | — | hanner | hanter | hanter | half |
— | — | — | hiraeth | hireth | hiraezh | longing, homesick(ness), melancholy |
— | — | — | huan | — | huon | sun, eye |
— | — | — | hud | hud | hud | magic |
— | — | — | hwrdd | hordh | (h)ourz | ram |
— | — | — | iain | yeyn | yen | cold, freezing, icy |
iasc | iasg | eeast | wysg | — | — | fish |
icht† | — | — | iaith | yeth | yezh | language, people |
inbhear | inbhir | inver | — | — | — | river mouth, estuary, confluence |
inchinn | eanchainn | — | ymennydd | ympynnyon | empenn | mind, brain |
iníon | nighean | inneen, 'neen | — | — | — | daughter, girl |
intinn | inntinn | inçhyn | — | — | — | brain |
ith | ith | ee | ysu | esat† | — | to eat |
— | — | — | iwrch | yorgh | yourc'h | roe-deer |
lá | latha | laa | — | — | — | day |
láib | làban | — | — | loub | — | mire, mud, slime |
láidir | làidir | lajer | — | — | — | strong, powerful |
lax† | — | — | llaes | lows | laosk | loose, slack, lax |
lacha | lach | laagh | — | — | — | duck |
láir | làir | laair | — | — | — | mare |
lámhainn | làmhainn | lauean | — | — | — | glove |
— | — | — | — | lavrek | lavreg | trousers |
le | le | lesh | — | — | — | with, by |
leastar | leastar | — | llestr | lester | lestr | vessel, ship, cup, vase |
leann | — | — | llen | len | lenn | cloak, mantle, curtain |
léann | léigheann | — | llên | lien | lenn | to read, reading, literature, learning |
lear | lear | — | llŷr | — | — | sea, ocean, channel |
learóg | learag làrag |
lhiarrag larsh |
lars llar(s)wydd |
larwedhen | — | larch (tree) |
leiceann | lethcheann | lieckan | — | — | — | cheek |
léigh | leugh | lhaih | lleaf, lleu | — | — | to read, literature |
leitir | leitir | — | — | — | — | hillside, slope |
léine | lèine | lheiney | — | — | — | shirt, tunic, girdle |
leor | leòr | liooar | llawer | lowr | — | many, enough |
lia | lèigh, lighiche | lhee | — | — | — | doctor, healer, physician |
lios | lios | — | llys | lis | lez | ringfort, court, fairy mound |
líth | lì | — | — | — | lid | festival, prosperity, ceremony |
— | — | — | llanerch | lannergh | lanneg | glade, clearing, pasture |
— | — | — | llawen | lowen, lowenek | laouen | happy, merry |
— | — | — | llef | lev | leñv† | shout, cry, voice |
— | — | — | lloer | loor | loar | moon |
— | — | — | llygad | lagas | lagad | eye |
— | — | — | llysywen, 'slywen | sylli | silienn | eel |
loarn† | — | — | llewyrn | lowarn | louarn | fox |
lobhar | lobhar | lourane | llwfr | — | lovr | weak, cowardly, leper |
lom | lom | lhome | llwm | lomm | lomm | bare, naked |
lon, lon dubh | lon, lòn-dubh | lhondoo, lhonnag | — | — | — | blackbird, thrush, ouzel |
lón | lòn | — | — | — | — | food, repast, lunch |
long | long | lhong | llong | — | — | ship, vessel |
longach | longadh | lhongey | — | — | — | meal, consuming, sustenance |
lonn | lonn | — | llon | — | — | merry, fierce, bold |
lorg | lorg | lorgey | — | — | — | to search |
— | loth | lhiy | llwdn | lodn | loen | filly, colt, animal, bullock |
luaidhe | luaidhe | leoaie | — | — | — | lead |
luas | lùthas | laueys | — | — | — | speed, earliness |
luath | luath | leah | lleygys, lleiges | — | — | quick, fast, early, soon |
luí† | — | — | llyw | lew | levier | rudder, pilot |
macasamhail | mac-samhail | macsoyley | — | — | — | like(ness), similar, instance |
machaire | machair | magher | magwyr | — | moger | plain, field, wall |
madain | madainn | maddin, madjin | — | — | — | morning |
madra rua | madadh-ruadh | — | — | — | — | fox |
madra uisce | madadh-uisge | moddey ushtey | — | — | — | otter, beaver |
madra, madadh | madadh | moddey | madyn, madog | — | — | dog, fox |
magairle | magairle | maggle | — | — | — | testicle |
— | — | — | magu | maga | magañ | to raise, feed, nurture |
maide | maide | maidjey | — | — | — | stick, wood, pole |
— | maigheach | mwaagh | — | — | — | hare |
maighean | — | — | maen | men | maen | stone, place |
mair | mair | — | — | — | — | to live |
mala | mala | mollee | — | — | malvenn | eyebrow, eyelid, eyelash |
mall | mall | moal | — | — | — | slow, late |
mathúin | mathan | maghouin | — | — | — | bear |
mear | mear | merre | miri | meri | — | quick, fast, lively |
méar | meur | mair | — | — | — | finger, toe |
— | — | — | mechdeyrn, mychdeyrn, machdeyrn | metern, myghtern | machtiern† | king |
— | — | — | meddyg | medhek | mezeg | doctor |
— | — | — | melyn | melyn | melen | yellow, blonde |
milis | milis | millish | melys | melys | — | sweet |
míol mór | mial-mhór | meeyl mooar | — | — | — | whale, sea monster |
— | — | — | min | min | min | lip, mouth, pout |
minseach | minnseag, minnseach | minjagh | — | — | — | nanny goat |
miotóg, mitín | miotag | — | miten, mitin | — | miton | mitten, glove |
moch | moch | mogh | moch | meuch† | — | early, soon |
— | mòd | mod | — | — | — | assembly, gathering, meeting |
moirb† | — | — | morgrugyn, mor, mŷr, myrr | moryon | merion | ant |
mol | mol | moyl | moli | — | meuliñ | to praise |
moncaí | moncaidh, muncaidh | — | mwnci, mynci, monci | — | — | monkey |
— | — | — | morthwyl | morthol | morzhol | hammer |
muineál | muineal | mwannal | mwnwgl, mwnwg, mynwgl | — | — | neck |
muinithir† | — | — | mynd | mos | monet | to go |
muintir | muinntir | mooinjer | — | — | — | household, folk, family |
muirm(h)il† | — | — | morfil | morvil | morvil | whale, fish |
mullach | mullach | mullagh | — | — | — | top, roof |
múr | mùr | — | mur | — | mur | wall |
— | — | — | nant | nans | ant | stream |
nasc | naisg | naisht | — | — | naskañ | to bind, to fasten |
neacht | nigh | — | nith | nith, noyth | nizh | niece, daughter |
nigh | nigh | niee | — | — | — | to wash |
nimh | nimh | nieu | — | — | — | poison, venom |
nocht | nochd | — | noeth | noth | noazh | naked, bare |
nod | nòd | — | nod | nos | not | note, mark, symbol |
oide | oide | gegjey | — | — | — | foster-father, teacher, tutor |
oighear | eigh | — | iain | yeyn | yen | frost, ice |
oileán | eilean | ellan | — | — | — | island |
olc | olc | olk | — | — | — | evil, bad |
ól | òl | oyl | — | — | — | to drink |
oráid | òraid | oraid | arawt | areth | — | speech, lecture, oration, prayer |
ord | òrd | oard | gordd | — | horzh | hammer |
ortha | ortha | — | — | — | — | incantation, spell, charm |
os | os | — | ych | oghen | oc'hen | ox, deer |
paidir | paidir | padjer | — | — | — | prayer, devotion, paternoster |
pailliún | pàillean | paal(an) | — | — | pavilhon | pavilion, tent |
— | — | — | parod | parys | pared | ready, convenient, cooked |
paróiste | parasite | — | — | — | — | parish |
peall | peall | — | pall | pall | — | pelt, skin, blanket, cloak |
— | — | — | pell | pell | pell | far, disant, long |
— | — | — | pen-glin, pen-lin | penn glin, pedn glin | penn-glin | knee |
— | — | — | pendefig | pennsevik, pednsyvik | pinvidik | chief, prince, rich |
píce | pìc | — | pig | pig | pik | pickaxe, pike, peak |
— | — | — | pigell | pigell | pigell | goad, hoe, mattock |
piosa | pìos | peesh | — | pis | — | piece, bit |
piseog | pisreag | pishag | — | pystri | — | charm, spell, magic, sorcery |
— | — | — | plwyf | pluw | ploue | parish, countryside |
pís† | — | — | pwys | poos | pouez | weight, heavy, important |
— | — | — | poeth | pooth | poazh | hot, cooked |
— | — | — | pont | pons | pont | bridge |
— | — | — | porchell | porghel | porc'helleg | piglet, sow |
— | — | — | porth | porth | porzh | portal, door, gate, courtyard |
príosún | prìosan | pryssoon | — | prison | prizon | prison |
— | — | — | pryd | prys | pred | time, moment |
puball | pùball | — | pabell | pabel | pabell | tent, pavilion |
— | — | — | pysgod | pysk, pesk | pesked | fish |
rásúr | ràsar | rhesar, razor | r(h)asel, rasal | — | razher | razor |
ráth | ràth | raah | — | — | — | rampart, ring-fort |
ré | raon | rheam | — | — | run | field, garden, enclosure, hedge, plain |
re | ri | rish | — | — | — | with, to, against, as |
réilig | réilig, réileag | ruillick, rhullick | — | — | — | graveyard, ossuary |
reithe | reithe | rea | — | — | — | ram |
— | — | — | rhyd | rys | red | ford |
— | — | — | rhydd | rydh | rid† | free, cheap |
rí | ruighe | roih | — | — | — | forearm, arm |
rian | rian | rane | — | — | — | course, path, method, river |
rian | rian | rane | — | — | — | course, path, method, river |
riathar | — | — | rhaeadr | — | — | waterfall, torrent |
ród | rathad | raad | rhawd | — | roud | road, course, route |
ríomh | rìomh† | — | rhif, cyfrif | riv | riñv | number, to count |
sabhall | sabhal | soalt | — | — | — | barn, granary |
saill | saill | sahll | — | — | — | salted meat, fat, blubber |
sáith | sàth | saie | — | — | — | sufficiency, fill |
sámh | sàimh | — | — | — | — | peace, tranquility, rest |
sámhach | sàmhach | — | — | — | — | silent, quiet, calm |
Samhain | Samhain | Sauin, Souney | — | — | — | Halloween, November |
— | — | — | samonsamwn | sowman | somon | salmon |
sanas | sanas | sannish | hanes | hanas | — | whisper, history, secret |
saol | saoghal | seihll | — | — | — | world, existence, lifetime |
saor | saor | seyr | — | — | — | free, cheap |
saor | saor | seyr | saer | ser | — | craftsman, carpenter, mason |
— | — | — | sarff | serpont, sarf | sarpant | snake, serpent |
— | — | saveeney | huno | — | — | to sleep, slumber |
scamall | sgòth | — | — | — | — | cloud |
scamhógach | sgamhanach | scowanagh | ysgyfeinaidd, ysgyfeiniol | — | skevent | pulmonary |
scian | sgian | skyeen | ysgïen, sgien | — | skejañ | knife, to sever |
sealbh | sealbh | shelloo | (h)elw | — | — | luck, fortune, profit |
— | sgiarnag | — | ysgyfarnog, sgyfarnog | skovarnek | scouarnec | hare, long-eared |
scornach | sgòrnan | scoarnagh | — | — | — | throat, mouth |
scréachóg, scréachóg choille | sgreuchag, sgreuchag-choille | screeaghag, screeaghag cheylley | sgrechog, (y)sgrech y coed | — | — | jay |
séad | séad | — | hynt | hens, hyns | hent | path, way, course, road |
seangán | seangan | sniengan | — | — | — | ant |
searrach | searrach | sharragh | — | — | — | foal |
séd† | — | — | hydd | — | heizes | stag, hart, deer |
— | — | — | segur | syger | sigur | idle, lazy, slow |
seileán | seillean | shellan | — | — | — | bee |
seill | seill | sahll | — | — | — | fat, blubber, suet |
ser† | — | — | sêr | ster | ster | river, star |
— | sgìre | skeerey, skylley | — | — | — | parish |
— | sicir | shickyr | sicr, siŵr | sur | segur | sure, cetain, shrewd |
sionnach | sionnach, seannach | shynnagh | — | — | — | fox |
siúil | siubhail | shooill | — | — | — | to walk |
sith-† | — | — | hyd | hes | hed | length, long, extent |
slí | slighe | sleayd | — | — | — | path, track, offspring |
slaod | slaod | sleayd | — | — | — | layer, raft, trudge |
sliabh | sliabh | slieau | — | — | — | mountain, moorland, hillside |
slige | slige | shlig | — | — | — | shell, hull, scale |
sliocht | sliochd | sluight | llwybr | — | — | path, track, section, offspring |
sluasaid | sluasaid | sleayst | — | — | — | shovel, spade |
— | smarach, (lad) | — | merch | myrgh | merc'h | daughter, girl |
smólach | smeòrach, smèarach, smaolach | — | mwyalch | molgh, molgh dhu | moualc'h, moualc'h zu | blackbird, thrush, ouzel |
snaidhm | snaidhm | sniem | nadd | — | nascañ | knot, carving, hinder |
sneachta | sneachd | sniaghtey | nyf | — | — | snow |
soc | — | — | hwch | hogh | ho(u)c'h | sow, pig, swine |
sona | sona | sonney | — | — | — | happy, merry |
sonn | sonn | — | ffon | — | — | stake, post, stick |
spéir | speur | speyr | sffêr | — | sfer, sphère | sky, sphere |
spúnóg | spàin | spein | — | — | — | spoon |
— | stàilinn | staillin | — | — | — | steel |
stoirm | stoirm | sterrym | (y)storm | — | — | storm |
— | stuth | stoo | stwff | stoff | — | material, stuff, substance |
— | — | — | swyf | soov | soav | tallow, fat, grease |
— | — | — | sych | sygh, segh | sec'h | dry |
— | — | — | sychu | segha | sec'hañ | to dry |
tábhairne | tabhairn | — | tafarn | tavern | tavarn | tavern, pub |
— | — | — | tad | tas | tad | father |
tál | tàl | taal | — | — | — | adze |
talamh | talamh | thalloo | — | — | — | ground, earth, land |
taoiseach | toiseach | toshiagh | tywysog | — | toguisoc† | chief, leader, prince |
tapa | tapadh | tappee | — | — | — | quick, fast, cleverness |
tar, tig | thig | tar, çheet | — | — | — | to come |
te | teth | çheh | — | — | — | heat |
tearmann | tèarmann | — | terfyn | — | — | santuary, refuge, boundary |
téigh | tèid | — | ardwy† | — | — | to go |
teimheal | — | — | tywyll | tew(a)l | teñval | darkness, gloom |
thuaidh | tuath | twoaie | — | — | — | left, north |
tirim | tioram | çhirrym | — | — | — | dry |
tláith | tlàth | — | tlawd | — | — | weak, mild, poor |
— | — | — | toddi | teudha, teudhi | teuziñ | to thaw, to melt |
tom | tom | tom | tom | — | — | hillock, knoll, mound |
tonn | tonn | — | ton | ton† | tonn | surface, land, skin |
tonóg | tunnag | thunnag | — | — | — | duck |
tongaid† | — | — | tyngu | ti(a) | touiñ | to swear, vow |
torc | torc | — | twrch | torgh | tourc'h | wild boar, hog |
trácht | — | — | traeth | treth | traezh | beach, shore, sand |
tráth | tràth | traa | trawd(d) | trad | — | time, hour, course, way |
treibh | treabh, treubh | — | tre(f) | trev | trev | town, house, farmstead |
— | — | — | trigio, godrig(af) | triga | guotric† | to live, to remain |
tríocha | trichead | treead | — | — | tregont | thirty |
triomaigh | tiormaich | chyrmaghey | — | — | — | to dry |
— | — | — | trist | trist | trist | sad |
triús | triubhas | troosyn | trywsus, trowsus, trywser | — | — | trousers |
— | — | — | tro | tro | tro | rotation, cycle, surround |
— | — | — | troi | troyllya | treiñ | to turn, spin |
troid | trod | troddan | — | — | — | fight, quarrel |
trom | trom | trome | trwm | trom† | — | heavy |
truis | druid | treshlen | tresglen | — | dresk | blackbird, thrush, ouzel |
— | — | — | — | truth | dluzh | trout |
— | — | — | trwyn | tron | stroen | nose, snot |
tua | tuagh | teigh | — | — | — | axe, hatchet |
tuit | tuit | tuitt | — | — | — | to fall |
tús | tùs | — | tywys | — | — | beginning, front, lead(er) |
— | — | — | twym | tomm, tobm | tomm | warm, hot |
— | — | — | tyfu | tevy | teñviñ | to grow |
— | — | — | tylluan | — | toud | owl |
— | — | — | tyno | tnow | traoñ, traou | valley, dale, bottom |
tús | tùs | — | tywys | — | — | beginning, front, lead(er) |
— | — | — | tywydd | tewedha | — | weather |
uabhar | uabhar | — | ofer | euver | euver | vain, pride, worthless, bland |
uachtarán | uachdaran | eaghtyran(e) | — | — | — | president, laird, chief |
uafásach | uabhasach | — | — | — | — | horrible, terrible |
uaigh | uaigh | oaie, oaye | — | — | — | grave, tomb |
uaine | uaine | eayney, geayney | — | — | — | green |
ualach | uallach | — | — | — | — | burden, load |
uath | uabhas | — | uthr | euth | euz | horror, dread, fright |
ucht | uchd | ught | — | — | — | chest, breast, lap |
uimhir | fuimhir | — | nifer | niver | niver | number |
uisce | uisge | ushtey | — | — | — | water |
ulchabhán | ullaid | hullad | — | oula | — | owl |
ullamh | ullamh | ullee | — | — | — | ready, finished, prepared |
umha | umha | ooha | efydd | — | — | copper, bronze, brass |
úr | ùr | oor | ir | yr | — | new, fresh, verdant |
urnaí | ùrnaigh | yeearree | — | — | — | prayer |
— | ursa | — | — | ors | ourz | bear |
— | — | — | wybr | ebron | oabl | sky, air |
— | — | — | yfory | a-vorow | (w)arc'hoazh | tomorrow |
— | — | — | ysgafnhau | skafhe | skañvaad | to lighten |
— | — | — | ysgyfarn† | skovarn | skouarn | ear, handle |
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Complete Cognates, Partial Cognates . Cognates arranged thematically: Adjectives | Animals | Birds | Clothes | Colours | Conjunctions | Countries | Directions | Food and Drink | Landscape | Buildings | Languages | Metals | Musical terms | Numbers | Parts of the body | People | Pronouns | Prepositions | Sea creatures | Time expressions | Trees and Plants | Verbs | Weather | Tools | Other words | Names
The Celtiadur blog is a collection of Celtic cognates, with definitions, pronunciation, etymologies - includes the modern Celtic languages, older versions of these languages, such as Middle Welsh, Middle Breton and Old Irish, and their extinct and reconstructed relatives and ancestors, including Gaulish, Proto-Brythonic and Proto-Celtic.
On the Celtic Pathways podcast I discuss connections between the Celtic languages, and look for words with Celtic roots in non-Celtic languages, such as English, French, Spanish, Galician and Portuguese.
Breton, Celtiberian, Cornish, Cumbric, Gaulish, Irish, Lepontic, Lusitanian, Manx, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh
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